lunes, 11 de enero de 2010

Questionnaires. Third bimonthly. First Meddle Scholl

#1 Fishes (p. 374-379)

1.-What are the characteristics of most fishes?
2.-What are the major groups of fishes and how do they differ?
3.-Which organ helps a bony fish maintain its position in the water?
4.-Copy figure12 (page 379) “Structure of a Bony Fish” and explain what are the functions of fins, scales and swim bladder.

Key terms.
Fish: an ectothermic vertebrate that lives in the water and has fins.
Cartilage: a connective tissue that is more flexible that bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together.
Swim bladder: an internal, gas-filled organ that helps a bony fish stabilize its body at different water depths.

#2 Amphibians (p. 382-386)

1.-What are the main characteristics of amphibians?
2.- What are some adaptions of adult amphibians for living on land?
3.-What is a frog larva called?

Key terms.

Amphibian:
Tadpole:
Lung:
Atrium:
Ventricle:
Habitat:

#3 Reptiles (p. 387-394)

1.- What are some adaptions that allow reptiles to live on land?
2.- What are the characteristics of each of three main groups of reptiles?
3.- What adaption helped dinosaurs survive before they became extinct?
4.- Copy the figure 19 (page 389) and explain the function of membranes, shell and the other components of an amniotic egg.

Key terms.
Reptile: an ectothermic vertebrate that lays eggs and has lungs and scaly skin.
Kidney: a major organ of the excretory system that removes urea and other wastes from the blood.
Urine: a watery fluid produced by the kidneys that contains urea and other wastes.
Amniotic egg: an egg with a shell and internal membranes that keep the embryo moist-

#4 Vertebrate history in rocks (p. 395-399)

1.- Where are fossils most frequently found?
2.- what can scientists learn from studying fossils?
3.- Resume the time line on page 396 and 397.

Key terms.

Fossil.-
Sedimentary rock.-
Paleontologist.-


#5 Birds (p. 406-413)

1.- What are the main characteristics of birds?
2.-How are birds adapted to their environments?
3.- How is a bird egg different from a reptile egg?
4.- Copy on page 408 the structure respiratory of the birds.

Key terms.

Bird.-
Contour feather.-
Down feather.-
Crop.-
Gizzard.-


#6 the physics of birds flight (p. 416-419)

1.-What causes a bird to rise in the air?
2.-How may birds fly?

Key terms.-

Lift:
Mammal:
Monotreme:
Marsupial:
Placenta:


#7 Mammals (p.420-428)

1.- What characteristics do all mammals share?
2.-What are the main groups of mammals and how do they differ?
3.- Which teeth stab and tear into food?
4.- What is the function of nervous system in mammals?

Key terms.-

Mammary gland:
Diaphragm:
Gestational period:
Placental mammal:


#8 What is behavior? (p.436-442)

1.-What causes animal behavior?
2.-What are instincts?
3.-What are four types of learned behaviors?

Key terms.-

Behavior: all the actions an animal performs.
Stimulus:
Response:
Instinct:
Learning:
Imprinting:
Conditioning:
Trial and error learning:
Insight learning:


#9 Patterns of behavior (p-444-451)

1.- What are three main ways animals communicate?
2.- What are some examples of competitive behaviors and cooperative behaviors?
3.- What is a cyclic behavior?
4.- How does having a territory help an animal survive?
5.-Copy figure 16 (p. 451) “Migration”
Key terms:

Hibernation:
Migration:
Pheromone:
Aggression:
Territory:
Courtship behavior:
Society:
Circadian rhythm:


#10 Tracking migrations (p-454-457)

1.-How do electronic technologies help scientists track animals?
2.- What are the benefits of tracking animal migrations?

Key terms:

Transmitter:
Receiver:
Satellite:


#11 Body organization and homeostasis (p.468-473)

1.- What are the levels of organization in the body?
2.- What is the circulatory system function?
3.- What is the digestive system function?
4.- What is the nervous system function?
5.- What is the skeletal system function?
6.- What is the endocrine system function?
7.- What is the muscular system function?
8.- What is the excretory system function?
9.- What is the respiratory system function?

10.- Copy the figure 2 (page 470) “Types of tissues” and explain the function of the different tissues.

Key terms.-

Cell:
Cell membrane:
Nucleus:
Cytoplasm:
Tissue:
Muscle tissue:
Nervous tissue:
Connective tissue:
Epithelial tissue:
Organ:
Organ system:
Homeostasis:
Stress:


#12 The skeletal system (p.474-481)

1.- What are the functions of the skeleton?
2.-What role do joints play in the body?
3.- What are the characteristics of bone and how can you keep your bones strong and healthy?

Key terms.-

Skeleton:
Ligament:
Vertebrae:
Joint:
Ligament:
Cartilage:
Compact bone:
Spongy bone:
Marrow:
Osteoporosis:


# 13 The muscular system (p.482-486)

1.- What types of muscles are found in the body?
2.-Why do skeletal muscles work in pairs?
3.-Where is smooth muscle found?
4.- Copy the diagram on page 485 and explain what happens to each muscle to straighten the arm?

Key terms.-

Involuntary muscle:
Voluntary muscle:
Skeletal muscle:
Tendon:
Striated muscle:
Smooth muscle:
Cardiac muscle:

#14 The skin (p.488-493)

1.- What are the functions and the structure of skin?
2.-What habits can help keep your skin healthy?
3.- What is the function of vitamin D in the human body?
4.-What health problems can result from repeated sun exposure?

Key terms.-

Epidermis:
Melanin:
Dermis:
Pore:
Follicle:
Cancer:


#15 Food and energy. (p. 502-514)

1.-Why does your body need food?
2.- How do the six nutrients needed by the body help carry out essential processes?
3.- How can food pyramids and food labels hlp you have a healthy diet?
4- How is energy in foods measured?
5.-What is cholesterol?
6.-What is the most abundant substance in the body?
7.- Resume the most important characteristics in the table of vitamins on page 509
8.- Resume the most important characteristics in the table of essential minerals on page 510

Key terms.-

Nutrient:
Calorie:
Carbohydrate:
Glucose:
Fat:
Protein:
Amino acid:
Vitamin:
Mineral:
Percent daily value:
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs):

#16 The digestive process begins. (p. 516-521)

1.- What functions are carried out in the digestive system?
2.- What roles do the mouth, esophagus and stomach play in digestion?
3.- Copy figure 12 (page 517 ) “The digestive system”.

Key terms.-

Digestion:
Absorption:
Saliva:
Enzyme:
Epiglottis:
Esophagus:
Mucus:
Peristalsis:
Stomach:



#17 Final digestion and absorption (p.524-527)

1.-What digestive processes occur in the small intestine and how are other digestive organs involved?
2.-What role does the large intestine play in digestion?
3.-How does the pancreas aid in digestion?
4.-What role do bacteria play in the large intestine?


Key terms.-

Small intestine:
Liver:
Bile:
Gallbladder:
Pancreas:
Villus:
Large intestine:
Rectum:
Anus:


#18 The body´s transport system (p.534-543)

1.-What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
2.-What is the function and structure of the heart?
3.-What path does blood take through the cardiovascular system?
4.- What are the functions and structures of arteries, capillaries and veins?
5.- Copy figure #5 on page 539 “Direction of blood flow” and explain.

Key terms.-

Cardiovascular system:
Heart:
Atrium:
Pacemaker:
Ventricle:
Valve:
Artery:
Capillary:
Vain:
Aorta:
Coronary artery:
Pulse:
Diffusion:
Blood pressure:

#19 Blood and lymph (p.545-551)

1.-What are the components of blood?
2.-What determines the type of blood that a person can receive in a transfusion?
3.-What are the structures and functions of the lymphatic system?

Key terms.-

Plasma:
Red blood cell:
Hemoglobin:
White blood cell:
Platelet:
Lymphatic system:
Lymph:
Lymph node:


#20 Cardiovascular health (p.552-556)

1.-What are some diseases of the cardiovascular system?
2.-What behaviors can help maintain cardiovascular health?
3.- Resume the time line on page 554 and 555. Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine.

Key terms.-

Atherosclerosis:
Heart attack:
Hypertension:


#21 The respiratory system (p.564-572)

1.-What are the functions of the respiratory system?
2.-What structures does air pass through as it travels to the lungs?
3.-What happens during gas exchange and breathing?
4.- What muscles cause the chest to expand during breathing?
5.- Copy figure #2 on page 567 “The respiratory system” and explain.

Key terms.-

Respiration:
Cilia:
Pharynx:
Trachea:
Bronchi:
Lungs:
Alveoli:
Diaphragm:
Larynx:
Vocal cords:



#22 Smoking and your health (p.574-578)

1.-What armful chemicals are found in tobacco smoke?
2.-How can tobacco smoke affect a person´s health over time?
3.-Identify the effects of smoking on the body and write the information in a graphic organizer.

Key terms.-

Tar:
Carbon monoxide:
Nicotine:
Addiction:
Bronchitis:
Emphysema:



#23 The excretory system (p.579-583)

1.-What are the structure and functions of the excretory system?
2.-How do the kidneys filter wastes from the blood?
3.-How does excretion contribute to homeostasis?
4.-Copy figure #11 on page 5381 “Excretory system” and explain.

Key terms.-

Excretion:
Urine:
Urinary bladder:
Ureter:
Urea
Kidney:
Urethra:
Nephron:

#24 Infectious disease (p.592-546)

1.-What are the relationship between pathogens and infectious disease?
2.-What kinds of pathogens cause infectious diseases in humans?
3.-What are four ways that pathogens can spread?
4.- Name a disease that can spread by an animal bite.

Key terms.-

Pathogen
Infectious disease
Toxin


#24 The body’s defenses (p.597-603)

1.-How does the body´s first line of defense guard against pathogens?
2.-What happens during the inflammatory response?
3.-How does the immune system respond to pathogens?
4.- How does HIV affect the immune system and how does it spread?

Key terms.-

Inflammatory response:
Phagocyte:
Immune response:
Lymphocyte:
T cell:
Antigen:
B cell:
Antibody:
AIDS:
HIV:

#25 Preventing infectious disease (p.606-610)

1.-How does the body acquire active immunity?
2.-How does passive immunity occur?
3.- Resume the time line on page 608 and 609. “Fighting infectious disease”.

Key terms.-

Immunity:
Active immunity:
Vaccination:
Vaccine:
Antibiotic:
Passive immunity:



#26 Non infectious disease (p.611-615)

1.- What causes allergies?
2-.How does diabetes affect the body?
3.- What are the effects of cancer on the body?

Key terms.-

Noninfectious disease:
Allergy:
Allergen:
Histamine:
Asthma:
Insulin:
Diabetes:
Tumor:
Carcinogen:

#27 How the nervous system works (p.626-630)

1.- What are the functions of the nervous system?
2-. What are the structure of a neuron and what kinds of neurons are found in the body?
3.- How do never impulses travel from one neuron to another?

Key terms.-

Stimulus:
Response:
Neuron:
Nerve impulse:
Dendrite:
Axon:
Nerve:
Sensory neuron:
Interneuron:
Motor neuron:
Synapse: